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Close Combat
U.S. Marine Corps
12 February 1999
NONLETHAL TECHNIQUES
Note: This is Chapter 8 of the Marine Corps manual on Close Combat. The layout (2 column manual
format) only has been modified for easier reading and comprehension.
This chapter describes all techniques for a right-handed person. However, all techniques can be executed
from either side.
In drawings, the Marine is depicted in woodland camouflage utilities; the opponent is depicted without
camouflage.
In photographs, the Marine is depicted in woodland camouflage utilities; the opponent is depicted in
desert camouflage utilities.
The Marine Corps' involvement in military operations other than war e.g., humanitarian, peace-keeping,
or evacuation missions has greatly increased. These missions require skills that span the spectrum of
conflict and support operations within a continuum of force. But the Corps' day- to-day existence also
demands a responsible use of force. Nonlethal techniques are among the skills Marines use to apply a
responsible use of force.
1. Unarmed Restraints and Manipulation
Marines operate within a continuum of force, particularly in support of peacekeeping or humanitarian
types of missions. In these situations, Marines must act responsibly to handle a situation without
resorting to deadly force. Unarmed restraints and manipulation techniques including joint manipulation,
come-alongs, and takedowns can be used to control a subject without resorting to deadly force. Marines
must train to become proficient in nonlethal techniques and to respond in a responsible manner. These
techniques are referred to as compliance techniques, and they are applied in the third level in the
continuum of force.
WARNING
During training, never apply the techniques for unarmed restraints and manipulation at full force or full
speed. Use a slow and steady pressure to avoid injury.
Compliance Techniques
Compliance techniques are unarmed restraint and manipulation techniques used to physically force a
subject or opponent to comply. Compliance can be achieved through the close combat techniques of;
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Pain compliance using joint manipulation and pressure points. (Pain compliance is the initiation of
pain to get compliance on the part of the subject.)
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Come-along holds.
Principles of Joint Manipulation
Joint manipulation is used to initiate pain compliance and gain control of a subject. It involves the
application of pressure on the joints (elbow, wrist, shoulder, knee, ankle, and fingers). Pressure is
applied in two ways:
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In the direction in which the joint will not bend. For example, joints such as the knees and elbows
only bend in one direction and when pressure is applied in the opposite direction, pain compliance
can be achieved. Beyond the point where the joint stops naturally in its range of movement (i.e., it
no longer bends). Since each joint has a breaking point, Marines should apply slow steady
pressure only until pain compliance is reached. Continued pressure will break the joint and may
escalate the violence of the situation.
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Joint manipulation also uses the principle of off-balancing. A subject can be better controlled
when he is knocked off balance.
Wristlocks
A wristlock is a joint manipulation that can be applied in a number of ways to achieve pain compliance.
The wrist rotates in a number of directions and will bend in a single direction until its movement stops
naturally. In a wristlock, pressure is exerted beyond that point by bending or twisting the joint. A
wristlock is executed when an opponent tries to grab Marines or is successful in grabbing Marines or
their equipment. A wristlock can also be performed by Marines if they wish to initiate control of an
opponent.
Basic Wristlock
A basic wristlock is executed when Marines grab the opponent's left hand with the right hand. To
execute the basic wristlock, Marines use the right hand to grab the opponent's left hand by placing the
thumb on the back of the opponents hand so that the Marine's knuckles are facing to the left. Hook the
fingers across the fleshy part of the opponents palm below the thumb.
The fingers are used to anchor the hand so leverage can be applied to twist and bend the joint. Exert
downward pressure with the thumb to bend the opponent's joint.
Rotate the opponent's hand to the right to twist the joint.
Step in to the opponent to keep the opponent's hand in close to the body to control him and provide more
lever-age on the wristlock.
Note: When executing the basic wristlock with the left hand, the Marine grabs the opponent's hand so
that the Marine's knuckles are facing to the right, and then rotates and twists the opponent's hand to the
left.
Reverse Wristlock
A reverse wristlock is executed when Marines grab the opponent's right hand with the right hand. To
execute the reverse wristlock, Marines place the right palm on the back of the opponent's right hand and
wrap the fingers across the fleshy part of his palm below his little finger.
Twist the opponent's hand to the right while stepping in to place his hand against the chest. Apply
downward pressure on the opponent's hand against the chest. Leave the opponent's hand on the chest to
fully control the subject and to gain leverage. Use the left hand to further control the opponent.
Lean forward to use body weight to add additional pressure to the joint.
Two-Handed Wristlock
Both hands can be used in the wristlock to maximize the leverage and pressure needed to bend and twist
the joint. To execute the two-handed wristlock, Marines place both thumbs on the back of the opponent's
hand, thumbs crossed.
Hook the fingers of both hands around the fleshy part of the opponent's palm on both sides of his hand.
Step into the opponent and apply pressure down-ward on the back of his hand to bend the joint and
rotate his wrist away from the body to twist the joint.
Enhanced Pain Compliance on Wristlock
Enhanced pain compliance techniques are applied in the third and fourth levels in the continuum of
force. Additional pain be applied to a wristlock by adding downward pressure to the elbow with the
other hand or elbow by using the fingers to pull in on the opponent's radial nerve located on the in-side
of the forearm. When pressure is added to the opponent's radial nerve, his direction can be con-trolled.
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