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S
unshine
The South Korean Debate over Policies Toward North Korea
Norman D. Levin and Yong-Sup Han
Supported by the Smith Richardson Foundation
R
Center for Asia Pacific Policy
in
Korea
The research described in this report was conducted in RAND’s
National Security Research Division by the Center for Asia Pacific
Policy (CAPP).
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Levin, Norman D.
Sunshine in Korea : the South Korean debate over policies toward North Korea /
Norman D. Levin, Yong-Sup Han.
p. cm.
“MR-1555.”
ISBN 0-8330-3321-2 (pbk.)
1. Korea (South)—Politics and government—1988– 2. Korea (South)—Foreign
relations—Korea (North) 3. Korea (North)—Foreign relations—Korea (South) 4.
Kim, Dae Jung, 1925– 5. Korean reunification question (1945– ) I. Han,
Yong-Sup. II. Title.
DS922.4635 .L48 2002
951.904'3—dc21
2002154385
Cover: Photograph of Mt. Wolchulsan
Copyright: Korea National Tourism Organization
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PREFACE
This report examines the public South Korean debate over dealings
with North Korea. The focus is on the period since February 1998,
when Kim Dae Jung became president of South Korea, and on the
major actors, interests, and goals influencing South Korean policies.
The report seeks to better understand the sources of controversy
over these policies and assess their likely future implications.
Two previous reports provided interim findings. The first, entitled
The South Korean Debate over Policies toward North Korea: Issues
and Implications
(MR-1555.0, RAND, 2002), focused on the
content
of the debate over South Korea’s new engagement policy—the so-
called “sunshine” policy—toward North Korea. The second, entitled
The South Korean Debate over Policies Toward North Korea: Internal
Dynamics
(MR-1555.0/1-CAPP, RAND, 2002), focused on the de-
bate’s
internal dynamics
—the major actors involved in the debate
and their roles in shaping its evolution. This final report updates and
integrates the findings of the first two reports and assesses their im-
plications. Findings are current as of October 2002. The report
should be of interest to both government officials and specialists on
Korea, as well as to general readers interested in Asia and contempo-
rary foreign policy issues.
This research project was conducted under the auspices of the RAND
Center for Asia Pacific Policy (CAPP), which aims to improve public
policy by providing decisionmakers and the public with rigorous,
objective research on critical policy issues affecting Asia and U.S.-
Asia relations. CAPP is part of RAND’s National Security Research
iii
iv
Sunshine in Korea
Division (NSRD). NSRD conducts research and analysis for a broad
range of clients including the U.S. Department of Defense, the intel-
ligence community, allied foreign governments, and foundations.
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